Altamaha Altimeter
Altamaha Altimeter
a Carolina Paddler Different Waters article
by Burt Kornegay
-Editor’s note: Different Waters We’re fortunate to live in a part of the world with an abundance of paddling water, whatever you would like. Coastal marshes, islands and sounds. Sea surfing or river surfing. Multi-day calm-water rivers. Whitewater streams of every description. Waterfalls, free falls, deadfalls, fall leaves. Whatever your eyes and paddles desire.
Even with this wealth of paddling our hearts and imaginations sometimes wander. Maybe this would be a good time to try a river in the Northwest. Or the Southwest. Or one of those northern rivers. What about Canada? Or South America? Once we start spinning the globe, a finger can land anywhere..
In a new series, Carolina Paddler will explore unfamiliar waters. We’ll feature articles and stories about rivers near and far. Some of these will be original stories, others will come from the vaults of various well traveled writers and paddlers. First up will be the recollection of a recent trip by Burt Kornegay, who along with CCC’s Bobby Simpson and others, rediscovered the golden rule of adventure travel, stay flexible. This is not a death-challenging whitewater saga, rather an enjoyable amble down a southern river basking in bights.
Altamaha Altimeter
Plan E
In Slickrock Expedition days I always had more than one river in mind when I scheduled a canoe trip. Plan A was the advertised trip—say a week on Oregon’s Grande Ronde River, with the group meeting in Boise, Idaho, on July 10. And one year at that date the Grande Ronde was flowing at what I considered its perfect level for canoe tripping: 2000 cubic feet per second (cfs) on the USGS Minam gage. But the next year, same date, the river, now discharging at 15,000 cfs because of a big snow-melt in its headwaters combined with rain, threatened to wash both the gage and Minam itself away—plus any canoe-trippers foolish enough to venture on it. Another eastern Oregon river, however, the John Day, was flowing at 3000 on the Service Creek gage, just right for exploring its 70-mile-long Great Basalt Canyon. So when the group assembled in Boise, I switched the trip to it, Plan B. The third year, again in July, I advertised the Grande Ronde—my favorite western river to canoe. But as it turned out, the only way to descend either it or the John Day would have been to drag the boats. Both rivers were shrunk because of puny snow packs. Heraclitus put it right 3000 years ago: “No canoeist runs the same river twice.” So, digging deeper in my memory, I pulled out Plan C, a trip on the Challis reach of Idaho’s Salmon River. It had a bold flow.
For everyone involved, too much was riding on the canoe trips for me not to know my ABCs.
This past November, 2023, I had to know to E. I’d been trying to set up a fall trip that I make annually with canoe buddies Henry, Bobby, and Pat, but, after ordering the topo maps and securing a shuttle driver, along with finding nearby accommodations for our pre-trip rendezvous, I’d had to cross out first Plan A then B then C—on the Rio Grande in Texas, the Sepulga-Conecuh in Alabama, and Georgia’s upper Ocmulgee, respectively. A persistent and widening drought was sucking the watery life out of them. I turned to Plan D, the lower Savannah. It was running at 5000 cfs, excellent for canoe-camping. Plus, I already had the maps. But even with numerous phone and email inquiries in the Savannah River basin below Augusta, I was stymied by a drought of reliable shuttle drivers.
Then I remembered Georgia’s mighty Altamaha: it would float our boats. It also had trusty Scott Taylor of Three Rivers Outdoors to shuttle us.
The Altamaha (pronounced AltamaHA) is a southeastern Georgia river that forms from the confluence of two rivers big in their own right—the Ocmulgee and the Oconee—and it flows for roughly 140 miles to the Atlantic, carrying the water of one-quarter of the state. Hence its nickname, “Georgia’s Amazon.” I had paddled the two big tributaries, each around 200 miles long. What would the main stem be like?
With just a week to go before our starting date, I proposed to the others that we paddle the Altamaha’s upper half. We would launch at the US 221 bridge, near the confluence, and canoe down to the US 301 take-out, 70 miles in 5 days. They said, “Let’s do it.”
Where a Bend Is a Bight
Because of the ongoing drought, even the Altamaha was low. But low for it meant 2600 cfs at the US 221 bridge. That equals almost 200,000 gallons of water passing a given point every second—the equivalent of four Nantahala Rivers. And yet, as we discovered, because the Altamaha is also a wide river, 300 feet across at the confluence and widening as it goes, it was running little more than paddle-blade deep. The Altamaha ran so wide and slow, in fact, that often the experience was that of paddling a long lake, not a river. The chief exception to this was where the current flowed to the “cutbank” side of the river’s bends or meanders, which in that part of Georgia are called “bights.”
When a meandering river forms a bend or bight, most of the current swings to the outside of the turn and erodes a sheer bank, hence the name “cutbank.” But the opposite happens on the inside of the bight. There the river slows down, grows shallow and deposits its sediment, which accumulates in sand or gravel “point bars.”
Naturally, we’d take the cutbank side of the bights. That’s where the river deepened and picked up speed. Even better, sometimes we’d find a natural slalom course to weave through, its gates formed by the skeletal trunks of river-toppled trees. Taking the cutbank passage did not rise to the excitement of running rapids or of navigating tight, twisting channels, but if was refreshing to hear the whitewater-like sounds of the river rushing through strainers and around deadheads.
But although the cutbank was the fun side, whenever we came to a bight I usually held to the inside of the turn first, before angling across the channel to enjoy the cutbank’s faster ride. The inside had its own kind of attraction. There the Altamaha grew so shallow and clear that it seemed to become a thin current of air sliding over the land. We were in cypress-swampy Deep South Georgia, but when I looked down over the side of the canoe, right below me appeared a Utah desert landscape of sand dunes and valleys and treeless mountain ranges all formed by the river; and although the current was moving at no more than 1 mph, I seemed to be skimming the desert’s surface in the cockpit of a small plane. Sometimes, the land would rise so close that I thought I was about to crash into it. But at the last instant—if I’d aimed my glide path right—the riverbed would abruptly drop off at the apex of the bend and I’d glide out over blackness.
Thoreau, who boated the slow-moving rivers near his home almost as much as he hiked in the surrounding woods, wrote in his journal: “The shallowest water is unfathomed—wherever a boat can float, there is more than Atlantic depth.”
While taking the Altamaha’s inside passages on water barely deep enough to float my boat, here’s the depth I fathomed. When I looked up, I was on a wide flat glistening world moving almost imperceptibly onward between a thick forest. The next bend downstream was a long way off. It would take many pulls on the paddle to reach it and see what was on the other side. Georgia’s Amazon seemed to be taking all the time in the world to merge with the Atlantic, though merge it would. But when I peered down, paddle now shipped, I found that the same river was whisking me over a close-up world of sand and pebbles and debris being built into beautiful features, features that hardly had time to form before they were being dismantled again by the current and made into new ones. No one part of the riverbed had time to emerge into steady sight: both it and I were in motion. Depending on whether I looked far or near, out or down, steady or dizzied, the world revealed itself in different ways according to my perspective. To take the inside passage was to travel on two rivers at once, an encapsulated experience of lived time.
To quote Heraclitus in full: “No canoeist runs the same river twice because it is not the same river and he is not the same man.”
Watch This!
The third day came with actual flight. We were stretching our legs on a sandbar when we heard then spotted a single-engine plane, blue and white, cruising downstream over the woods on the far shore. Even at a distance I could see that it had big rubber tires—called “tundra tires” and “bush tires,” made for landing on rough terrain. The plane appeared to be skimming the treetops, giving a twist to the name “bush plane.” Wondering if the pilot could see us, Pat waved—and the plane waved “yes” with its wings, and flew on out of sight.
We were about to launch when we heard the plane again, but this time it sounded louder and louder. Suddenly, around the downstream bend here it came in a tightly banked turn—but now it was mid-channel and flying so low that one of its tires was spinning on the river’s surface. The pilot was performing a kind of water wheelie, at the same time keeping the tip of his wing from digging in. The plane flew straight towards us, holding its risky tilt, then flattened out and zoomed past not 100′ away, both tires now furrowing the river, shooting up spray. When it pulled up steeply to climb over a wall of trees, we saw written across the top of the wings in red letters, SWAMP RANGER.
The wings should have said SWAMP RANGERS because about every half hour after that another bush plane would hove into sight, then another—all different colored, and all flying low, following the river’s meandering channel. They looked to me like Piper Cubs and single-engine Cessnas. I fancied there must be an Altamaha Aerial Association—AAA for short—and that word had spread among the members: Hey, canoes are on the river, a captive audience! We’d wave as they zoomed by, and, as if machine and man were one, the planes and pilots in them would wave back.
Usually, what I like best about seeing an airplane is the thought that at least it’s farther off than a powerboat and will be gone quicker out of sight and sound. My opinion on the matter of aircraft is simple: if God had wanted us to fly, he’d have given us wings, not paddles. I see an airplane off with good riddance. If it’s an ear-piercing, canoe-rocking speedboat or, worst of all, a devilish Jet Ski, I add this prayer: May it crash and burn. If the Almighty had wanted us to slice rivers open with screaming machines, he’d have given us something other than canoes. But that afternoon on the wide, low, slow Altamaha, I have to confess, the Swamp Rangers were exciting to see.
The pilots weren’t out to dominate the river, show it how fast they could go, or to drown the Altamaha’s delicate water sounds and bird songs with the noise of their engines. They weren’t trying to make money out of it. There was no “Air-tamaha Tours” written on the fuselages. We saw just one person in each plane. Rather, I liked to think the men in their flying machines were closer in spirit to the ospreys that glide up and down the river as much for the pleasure of it, I’m convinced, as to find a meal. Or, to take an example from my home here in the western North Carolina mountains, they were akin to the pair of ravens I watch soar from ridge to ridge over the gulf of air that is Moses Creek valley while swooping and looping and tooting away to each other with aerobatic skill.
The fifth and last plane was my favorite. It was also the smallest. We were setting up camp when it flew around the bend. Its doors were wide open—I’m not even sure it had doors—and the pilot was clearly visible inside. Approaching us, the plane slowed until I wondered how it was able to stay aloft. We’d seen bass boats rip past faster than that, powered by roaring engines. This flying machine sounded like it had a push mower for propulsion. Or maybe it was a one-seat pedal boat rigged with wings, and the sound we heard was that of the pilot pumping his feet to make the blade go round. It was a slow and low aircraft for a low and slow Altamaha.
I’ve read that Piper Cubs have a stall speed of 38 mph. If so, this plane verged on stall. The pilot was giving new meaning to “terminal velocity.” And the risk is real. In June of 1987 divers pulled the bodies of three men out of the section of river we were paddling after their small plane nosed in and sank.
As the old joke goes:
What are the last words of a redneck? “Watch This!“
What’s he say before that? “Here, hold my beer.”
Even if it is fueled by alcohol, to me there’s something compelling in a vow that demands follow-through. There’s the hint of the heroic spirit in it, of derring-do. People turn to watch. Swamp Ranger #5 puttered past so slow I could have run out and held his beer.
One of us laughed that if we’d had women in the group, the pilots would have hot-dogged it with barrel rolls, wingovers, and dives. With their big tires, they would have turned our sandbar into a landing strip and offered free rides.
A well chosen word is worth a thousand pictures. But rather than search longer for the right word to describe the Aerotamaha planes, I’ll give you a video to watch. Title it, “Look how close his wing is!”:
https://www.facebook.com/ShopARTC/videos/altamaha-river-bush-plane-skimming-the-water-check-it-out/3611308075549028/
Pretty Good Plus
After dining on ReadyWise freeze-dried suppers last May during our canoe trip down Maine’s Machias River, Bobby and I rated them to be “Pretty Good.” On the Altamaha, Bobby brought other brands for a freeze-dried taste test, though I went back to my standbys, Progresso Soup and Ramen Noodles. As we gathered round the festive board our first night in camp, we watched Bobby pull out a pouch of “MOUNTAIN HOUSE Adventure Meal Beef Stew.” Following directions, he poured boiling water into the pouch, zipped it shut to let the food reconstitute, then cleansed his palate with an anticipatory beer. Ten minutes later he dipped his spoon in the bag, dug deep, and lifted out an adventurous mouthful. It was dusk by then, and he chewed thoughtfully, staring out over the river and comparing that night’s fare to what he’d had on the Machias. Then he dug his spoon in again.
The back of the pouch had a “Best by” date of July 2053 stamped on it. I playfully took that to mean that if its desiccated contents were left to properly age they’d be “best by” 2053. There was also a self-congratulatory blurb: “How do we do it? We use only the highest-quality ingredients and cook our meals the old-fashioned way. The result is a home-cooked flavor, no matter where you are.” We were on the Altamaha River. How’d the food taste? Bobby held up the pouch and gave it a “Pretty Good Plus.”
It occurred to me that if Bobby had saved the meal until 2053, more than likely both of us, and Pat too, would be on a river bigger than the Altamaha, in spirit canoes.
It was “PEAK REFUEL 2 Premium Breakfast Skillet,” however, that received peak honors. Bobby pulled it out of his food box on the 5th morning. The picture on the pouch showed a savory and salivary heaping of hot eggs, sausage, potatoes, and peppers. You’d think we were at Waffle House. He added hot water, set the pouch aside for the required time, then, with the first taste pronounced the meal “Pretty Good Plus a Smidgen.” After eating two-third’s of the contents for “2,” Bobby asked if anyone wanted the leftovers. Henry, who’d been eating the instant cream of wheat I’d brought for our breakfasts, wasted no time in taking it. He rated the contents, “Pretty Good Plus a Smidgen Plus.”
Yankee Reach
Big sandbars wrapped around most bights on the Altamaha, so sandbars are where we camped. We would pitch our shelters at the back of the bar, where there would invariably be an inviting grove of black willows—some of them with limb spreads that rivaled live oaks. The willows, their long lanceolate leaves showing a blend of summer green and autumn yellow, were pleasing to look at bordering the expanse of sand. They were also a ready source of firewood (black willow breaks so easily it’s also called “crack willow”). They would serve as breaks if the wind came up. They provided pegs for our increasingly smelly clothing to hang on. And they sheltered us from heavy dew.
But getting our gear to the willows at the end of a long day was a haul. The soft sand increased the effort required. “The biggest sandbars I’ve ever camped on!” Pat said as he lugged a gear bag past me towards the trees.
I named our campsites Swift Cut, Big Willow, Swamp Ranger, and Yankee Reach. That last name isn’t mine. I got it from the USGS topo map of our final stretch. I wondered if Yankee Reach dated back to Sherman’s March to the Sea, the memory of which still smolders in Georgia. It might designate the place where his army crossed the Altamaha.
Two Selected Shorts
1.) When we approached a string of houses along the bluff at Deens Landing, mid-trip, we heard two people yelling at each other. Our view of them was blocked by trees. I turned my hearing aids up to high, but, in the time it took us to pass—the two going at it the whole while—I couldn’t make out the words, just recognized the shrill voice to be female; the other voice, deeper, but no less angry, was definitely male. Both were out of tune with the tranquil river. Later, Henry told me the gist of the row:
“Do not go into the house!”
“I’ll go where I want to, WOMAN!”
2.) Bobby said that often when he tells people about our river trips, the first question they ask is “How do you charge your phone?”
River Trip Facts and Figures
Shuttle driver: Scott Taylor, Three Rivers Outdoors, off Old River Rd. south of Uvalde. Besides shuttling, Scott has a canoe livery serving the lower Oconee, Ocmulgee, Ohoopee, and Altamaha. His email bespeaks the love of his life: Ontheriverman@gmail.com
Put-in: We loaded the canoes with our gear at the US 221 bridge, on river left, and in the stench of two rotting deer carcasses dumped by a hunter. Scott told me with disgust that the year before he had counted 150 carcasses that hunters had left on the shoulders up and down the highway.
Take-out: We unloaded our canoes at the paved “Jaycee Landing” on river right, just upstream of the US 301 bridge. It had picnic tables, a shelter, bathrooms, and a small store.
River level: 2600 cfs at the US 221 USGS bridge gauge. A flow of around 4000 would give the river some oomph. The higher flow would also open up for exploration the river’s dead river channels, oxbows, sloughs, swamps, and cut-throughs, whereas our 2600 level confined us to the main channel. Above 4000 cfs, however, the river’s sandbars, so pleasant for camping, will start to be submerged.
Guidebooks: Suzanne Welander and Bob Sehlinger: Canoeing & Kayaking Georgia. In April of 2024 Joe Cook’s Altamaha River User’s Guide is to be published by the Georgia River Network. Based on the other River User’s Guides I own that have been written by Cook, and also published by the Network, I expect this one will provide detailed maps and useful information for river paddlers, as well as give a running account as you go downstream of the Altamaha’s natural and human history.
River reading: Janisse Ray’s Drifting into Darien, the first part of which recounts a trip the author made with a large group in 2011 down the Altamaha to its mouth.
“Altamaha”: According to John Worth, an anthropologist who studies the southeastern Indians, “The river took its name from an immigrant Yamassee group descended from an interior chiefdom originally known as ALTAMAHA, or TAMA . . . and visited by Hernando de Soto in 1540.”
Burt Kornegay was an outfitter and guide for 30 years, running Slickrock Expeditions out of his home near Cullowhee. Burt started out leading backpack and canoe trips here in the Blue Ridge, expanded them to the Southeast, then ended up guiding a lot of trips in the West and a few in Canada. Along with guiding, Burt has written numerous articles for Wildlife in North Carolina, and self-published A Guide’s Guide to Panthertown Valley—a trail map and guide to a very popular place to hike and bike in the Nantahala National Forest. The map’s been selling well since 1996, going through several revisions. Recently Burt has been writing a monthly outdoor column for a regional publication called Smoky Mountain News, titled “Up Moses Creek.” (Burt and his wife, Becky, live on Moses Creek.)